N5 grammar
74 grammar points
Unofficial, community-sourced level list.
Basic sentences & particles
- 〜ですTo be (polite statement: A is B)
- 〜じゃありませんIs not (negative of です)
- 〜でした・〜じゃありませんでしたWas / was not (past tense of です)
- 〜かSentence-final question particle (forms questions)
- はTopic particle (as for A, …)
- もAlso, too
- のOf, 's (possession, noun modification)
- がSubject particle (existence, likes, new information)
- をDirect-object particle
- にAt, on, in (a point in time)
- に・へTo, toward (destination of movement)
- でAt, in (place where an action happens)
- でBy, with (means, tool, method)
- とAnd (joining nouns); together with
- や〜などNon-exhaustive listing (things like…, and so on)
- から〜までFrom … to … (time, places)
- ね・よRight? (seeking agreement) / you know (emphasizing new information)
- ぐらい・ごろAbout, approximately (quantity: ぐらい, point in time: ごろ)
- だけOnly (limitation)
- しか〜ないOnly …, nothing more (always with a negative)
- 〜が、〜But (joins two clauses in one sentence); also used to open a remark
- 〜からBecause … (giving a reason)
- そして・それから・でもAnd / after that / but (sentence-initial conjunctions)
Demonstratives & question words
Adjectives
Verb conjugation
- 〜ます・〜ません・〜ました・〜ませんでしたPolite form of verbs — four forms: present, negative, past, past negative
- Nhóm động từ & thể từ điểnThe three Japanese verb groups and the dictionary form
- Thể てThe て-form — the verb's connective form, foundation of many patterns
- Thể ないThe ない-form — the plain negative form of verbs
- Thể たThe た-form — past tense of the plain form, base of many patterns
Sentence patterns with verbs
- 〜ませんかWon't you…? (inviting someone to do something)
- 〜ましょうLet's do something together
- 〜ましょうかShall I…? / Shall we…? (offering help or asking for input)
- 〜てくださいPlease do something (polite request)
- 〜てもいいですMay do something; add か to ask permission
- 〜てはいけませんMust not do something (prohibition)
- 〜ていますDoing something right now; an ongoing state
- まだ〜ていませんHaven't done something yet
- 〜てからAfter doing A, do B
- 〜ないでくださいPlease don't do something
- 〜なくちゃいけない・〜なければなりませんMust do something (obligation)
- 〜なくてもいいですIt's fine not to do it, don't have to do it
- 〜たことがあるHave done something before (experience)
- 〜たり〜たりするDo things like A and B (listing actions in no particular order)
- 〜たいですWant to do something (the speaker's desire)
- 〜に行くGo somewhere to do something (purpose of movement)
- 〜がありますThere is / exists (inanimate things)
- 〜がいますThere is / exists (people, animals)
- 〜のがすきですLike doing something
- 〜のがじょうずですGood at doing something (used to compliment others)
- 〜のがへたですBad or clumsy at doing something
- 〜つもりですIntend to do something
- 〜すぎるToo…, beyond the normal level
- 〜ほうがいいShould / shouldn't do something (advice)
- 〜でしょうProbably, most likely (conjecture)
- 〜まえにBefore doing something, before something
- 〜んですExplaining a reason or circumstance
- 〜のほうが〜よりA more than B (comparative)
- 〜のなかで〜がいちばんThe most … in a group (superlative)