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Gogaku

All N5 grammar

N5

や〜など

Non-exhaustive listing (things like…, and so on)machine translation

FormationNoun + や + Noun (+ など)

や joins nouns in a NON-exhaustive list — naming just a few representative items among many: 本やペン (books, pens, and other things). At the end of the list you can add など ("and so on") to make this even clearer: 卵や牛乳など.

Compare with と: パンと卵 means exactly those two things; パンや卵 means there is bread, eggs, and possibly other things too.

や is only used with nouns. To list actions non-exhaustively, Japanese uses the pattern 〜たり〜たりする.

Examples

Related patterns

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