受身形（〜られる）
Basic passive form — "to be done something by someone"machine translation
FormationGroup I: う-row → あ-row + れる; group II: drop る + られる; する → される, 来る → 来られる
The passive form expresses that the subject receives an action from someone else: 先生に褒められました (was praised by the teacher), 母に叱られました (was scolded by my mother). The doer of the action takes the particle に. Vietnamese clearly separates "được" (good outcomes) and "bị" (bad outcomes), but Japanese uses a single form for both — whether it's good or bad comes from context.
Conjugation: group I changes the final sound from the う-row to the あ-row and adds れる: 読む → 読まれる, 書く → 書かれる; verbs ending in う change to わ: 言う → 言われる. Group II drops る and adds られる: 食べる → 食べられる, 見る → 見られる. Group III: する → される, 来る → 来られる (こられる). Passive verbs always conjugate onward as group II verbs.
Note: for group II and 来る, the passive form is identical to the potential form (食べられる is both "can eat" and "is eaten") — you have to rely on particles and context to tell them apart. Beyond this basic form, Japanese has two more distinctive uses of the passive — the adversity passive and the passive with an inanimate subject — covered in the next two lessons.
Examples
私は先生に褒められました。
I was praised by my teacher.
私は友達にパーティーに呼ばれました。
I was invited to a party by a friend.
弟は先生に叱られました。
My younger brother was scolded by the teacher.