名詞修飾節
Noun-modifying clauses (人がくれた本)machine translation
FormationPlain-form clause + noun (な-adjective + な, noun + の)
Japanese places an entire clause BEFORE a noun to modify it — the exact opposite of Vietnamese: 友だちがくれた本 = "the book (that) my friend gave me". There's no connecting word equivalent to Vietnamese "mà" ("that/which") — the clause simply sits right in front of the noun.
The verb inside the modifying clause is always in the plain form: 読む本 (a book to read), 読んだ本 (a book one read), 読んでいる本 (a book one is reading). The subject inside the clause is marked with が, not は: 母が作った料理. な-adjectives connect with な, nouns with の, as you know from N5.
This is a structure you must learn to parse quickly in the reading section: when you hit a noun, look back to see which chunk is modifying it. The 〜ている pattern from N5 shows up here a lot: 眼鏡をかけている人 (the person wearing glasses).
Examples
母が作った料理はおいしいです。
The food my mother cooks is delicious.
友だちがくれた本を読んでいます。
I'm reading the book my friend gave me.
眼鏡をかけている人は田中さんです。
The person wearing glasses is Mr. Tanaka.