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Gogaku

All N3 grammar

N3

〜ばかりか/ばかりでなく

Not only… but alsomachine translation

FormationNoun / verb or adjective in plain form + ばかりか/ばかりでなく、… + も/まで

A ばかりか B: "not only A but also B" — B is something weightier and more surprising than A: 彼は英語ばかりか、中国語も話せる (he can speak not only English but even Chinese). Clause B usually takes も or まで to push the degree up.

ばかりでなく means the same but is softer and more widely used, comfortable in both speech and writing: 自分の仕事ばかりでなく、私の仕事も手伝ってくれた. You already know だけでなく — ばかりでなく is one step more formal, while ばかりか is the most literary of the group and CANNOT be used when the following clause is a command, invitation, or expression of intent.

The pattern works just as well in the negative direction: この薬は効かないばかりか、体に悪い (this medicine not only doesn't work but is bad for you). A close relative: はもちろん — but はもちろん treats A as something obvious that everyone knows, while ばかりか simply stacks B on top of A.

Examples

Related patterns

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