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Gogaku

All N4 grammar

N4

〜こと

Nominalizing verbs and clauses with ことmachine translation

FormationPlain-form verb + こと

こと turns a verb or a whole clause into a noun, letting it stand in a noun's position in the sentence: 写真を撮る (take photos) → 写真を撮ること (the act of taking photos). The new phrase takes particles like any ordinary noun: 〜ことが好きです, 〜ことは難しいです, 〜ことを考えています.

こと is more formal than の and is required in certain positions: when the sentence ends in です・だ, you must use こと — 趣味は本を読むことです, not 読むのです (that sentence would take on a completely different explanatory meaning). Fixed patterns like 〜ことができる and 〜たことがある (learned at N5) also only use こと.

Conversely, with verbs of direct perception like 見える and 聞こえる you must use の — こと won't work there. See the 〜の lesson for a detailed comparison.

Examples

Related patterns

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