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Gogaku

All N3 grammar

N3

〜ことに(は)

To my (surprise, regret, etc.), …machine translation

FormationAdjective/emotion verb (た-form) + ことに(は)

〜ことに(は)places the speaker's emotion AT THE START of the sentence, before stating the fact: 残念なことに、旅行は中止になった (regrettably, the trip was canceled). By stating the emotion first, the listener knows right away how to receive the news that's coming — this is a somewhat formal expression that leans toward writing.

Connection: な-adjective + な (残念なことに), い-adjective unchanged (うれしいことに), emotion verbs in the た-form (驚いたことに、困ったことに). Adding は to make ことには raises the level of emphasis.

Only words expressing EMOTION can go in this slot — 残念, うれしい, 悲しい, 驚く, 困る, ありがたい… Don't confuse it with 〜ことか: ことか exclaims about DEGREE at the end of a sentence ("how much…!"), while ことに introduces the TYPE of emotion at the start of the sentence ("regrettably, …").

Examples

Related patterns

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