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Gogaku

All N4 grammar

N4

〜ないで

Doing B without doing A; don'tmachine translation

FormationVerb ない-form + で

〜ないで links two actions by the same person, where A doesn't happen while B takes place: 朝ご飯を食べないで学校に行きました (I went to school without eating breakfast). The main action is the second clause; the 〜ないで clause just describes the accompanying state.

You met 〜ないでください at N5 meaning "please don't". In casual conversation, Japanese speakers drop ください and just say 〜ないで: 行かないで! (don't go!).

Don't confuse it with 〜なくて: 〜ないで means "without doing" (an accompanying state), while 〜なくて gives a reason, "because … not …". Compare: 食べないで出かけた (went out without eating) and 食べられなくて残念だった (it was a shame because I couldn't eat it). Also, 〜ないで is used only with verbs.

Examples

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